A Scoping Review of the Role and Limitations of Surgical Versus Non-Surgical Management of Dentofacial Deformities

Objectives: The amount of dermal filler procedures is increasing. Some patients opt to undergo dermal fillers instead of orthognathic surgery to treat unesthetic complaints from dentofacial deformities. The aim of this work is to carry out a literature review with regard to a comparison of role and limitations between aesthetic indications of orthognathic surgery and dermal fillers.Methods: A scoping review was performed according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines on Pubmed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. A second search was conducted to highlight topics very close subjects to the main subject: the importance of social media and measures to avoid litigation in facial aesthetics.Results: Literature on the subject is very rare. Clinical facial analysis is fundamental to both procedures. Although patients wishes are important issues, facial analysis cannot be neglected due to its objectivity. Body dysmorphic disorder is considered a contraindication for both procedures. Social media is important in patient decision-making, but should not influence treatment planning by experts. Preventing litigation or reducing financial and reputational damage can be accomplished with a few simple steps.Conclusions: A helpful list of indications and particularly contraindications for orthognathic surgery and dermal fillers was drawn up. Dermal fillers must not substitute orthognathic surgery. Further studies are urgently needed to discuss this contemporary issue.