Experimental study on the calcium carbonate production rates and crystal size of EICP under multi-factor coupling

The production and microstructure of calcium carbonate are the fundamental indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of Enzyme-induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP). Soybean urease is extracted, and the urease activity is controlled by the soybean powder concentration in this study. The urease reacts with the cementation solution with different concentrations of urea and calcium ions at different temperatures to determine the calcium carbonate production rates (RCC). The crystal sizes of calcium carbonate (SCC) are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image processing method. The RCC increase and subsequently decrease with increasing cal-cium ion concentration and peak at 0.75 M. A lower urea concentration is more favourable to the formation of CaCO3. Increased urease activity and temperature will lead to an increased RCC and SCC. Some crystals appear as capsules when the temperature goes up. The SCC decreases slightly with increasing calcium ion concentration under low urease activity and increases under high urease activity. The SCC increases first and subsequently decreases with increasing urea concen-tration under high urease activity, while the effect of urea concentration under low urease activity is not significant. XRD test results show that the calcium carbonate produced in this study is dominated by calcite crystals. The study provides additional data, a useful base to move forward toward a better understanding of the method of stabilization and its applications, for example, the treatment of different soils.