The Fluorescence Sensing Capability of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone Towards Metal Ions and Imaging Cells

Fluorescence and colorimetric sensors have gained significant traction in diverse scientific domains, including environmental, agricultural, and pharmaceutical chemistry. This article comprehensively surveys recent advancements in developing sensors employing 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone(1,4-DHAQ). The study delves into the unique properties of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone(1,4-DHAQ) as a sensor, focusing on its capacity to detect Cu2+ ions and elucidating its fluorescence quenching mechanisms. Furthermore, the interaction of dihydroxyanthraquinone with Ga(III), Al(III), and In(III) ions is explored under both aqueous and non-aqueous conditions, leading to the formation of distinctive fluorescent species. The investigation extends to factors influencing ligand behavior, including time dependency, temperature, solvent type, counterions, and pH levels. These key parameters are systematically analyzed to understand sensor performance better. In conclusion, the article investigates the utility of the 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone-Zn2+ probe as a versatile sensing platform for phosphate anions, particularly in live cell imaging. The findings contribute to the evolving landscape of sensor technologies, offering insights into the diverse applications and potential advancements in this burgeoning field.