Recent developments in phosphorous-containing bio-based flame-retardant (FR) materials for coatings: an attentive review

The current review explicitly describes the phosphorus-based flame-retardant (FR) coating materials derived from the bio-resources. It segregates the coatings according to their polymeric backbone type and correlates their structure with the end-application properties. The review will provide a readership to understand different chemistries of FR systems and implement similar in developing the bio-based FR systems for coatings. Furthermore, the review targets to brief the various mechanisms of phosphorus-based FR coating systems depending upon the resin type, such as epoxy, phenolic, polyurethane. The synergistic effects of phosphorus and other FR moieties are also discussed, along with their synthesis chemistries and the structural impact on the properties.