Influence of hand dominance, gender, and body mass index on hand grip strength

Background: Hand grip strength (HGS) measurements serve as an objective measure of upper extremity function. Reliable hand strength evaluation is vital for assessing treatment effectiveness. Objectives: To determine the influence of hand dominance, gender, and body mass index (BMI) on HGS among university students in Ghana.Method: In our cross-sectional study of 304 participants, height, weight, and BMI were measured using a stadiometer and weighing scale. Hand grip strength was assessed with a dynamometer. We compared HGS in dominant and non-dominant hands for males and females using a paired t-test and analysed the correlation between grip strength and weight, height, and BMI using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results: The mean HGS for right-hand dominant (RHD) male participants was 35.62 kg (+/- 7.36) for the right hand compared with 32.84 kg (+/- 7.36) for the left hand. For females RHD the mean HGS in the right hand was 24.60 kg (+/- 6.42) compared to 22.12 kg (+/- 5.37) in the left hand. The mean weight, height and BMI of participants were 62.86 kg (+/- 10.30), 1.67 m (+/- 0.09) and 22.9 kg/m(2) (+/- 4.9), respectively. A significant relationship existed between HGS and height (r = 0.492; p < 0.01) as well as HGS and BMI (r = 0.290; p < 0.01). However, no notable connection was found between HGS and weight (r = 0.001; p = 0.982).Conclusion: Hand grip strength was significantly stronger in the dominant hand of both males and females.