Nanotechnology as a tool for abiotic stress mitigation in horticultural crops

Horticultural crops are used for a variety of purposes, including nourishment and aesthetics. Human nutrition relies heavily on these plants for carbohydrates, proteins, organic acids, vitamins, and minerals. Drought, flood, nutrient inadequacy, heat, light, metal stress, and other abiotic stresses restrict crop plant development and output. A variety of tactics are used to improve abiotic stress tolerance, including the production of genetically modified cultivars by incorporating gene constructions to improve performance under stress. Nanotechnology is a multifaceted field that could be applied in every branch of research comprising medicine, industry and agriculture. Soil and water nanoremediation, plant nanoprotection and plant nanonutrition are some of the agricultural applications. To accomplish sustainable progress in horticultural plants challenged with various environmental challenges, numerous definitive directions have been developed to secure public acceptance and convenient utilization of nanoparticles. Even with the rapid increase in nanoparticle use in several applications, there is still a dearth of information on the actual outcomes of nanoparticle interaction with plants. This review assesses the role of nanomaterials in horticultural crops under abiotic stress, with a focus on recent research. In addition, this review focuses on explaining the broad roles of several nanoparticles in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in horticulture plants.