The Impact of Coordinated Development Policy on the Spatiotemporal Changes of Industrial Structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

The coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) is a major regional strategy in China that aims to alleviate Beijing's non-capital functions and address the "big city disease". Understanding the spatial distribution and changing trends of industrial development in BTH is critical for achieving BTH's coordinated development goals. In particular, it is important to assess the effectiveness of Beijing's non-capital functions at the industrial level. This study utilized the 2013 and 2018 economic census data and statistical methods such as spatial Gini coefficient, trend analysis, specialization index, and industry similarity. We first characterized the industrial development pattern by analyzing the spatiotemporal changes of the operating income and the number of legal entities in BTH urban agglomeration. Then, we identified the changes in the leading industries and industrial structure of different cities in BTH urban agglomeration from 2013 to 2018. The results indicate that the coordinated development policy has influenced the industrial structure of the BTH urban agglomeration, with an 85.53% increase in the number of legal entities and a 14.61% increase in operating income. Beijing's non-capital functions have achieved initial results, mainly involving technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive tertiary industries such as information technology, finance, and scientific research. The division of industry and the development positioning of the three regions are gradually becoming clear. Our results show how the economic census data and spatial analysis can support significant advances in evaluating industrial and economic development patterns, and they can be used worldwide in the future.