Outcomes after anti-reflux procedures: Nissen, Toupet, magnetic sphincter augmentation or anti-reflux mucosectomy?

Background Surgical treatment options of gastroesophageal reflux disease have changed significantly in the last 50 years. Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation (MSA) and Anti-reflux Mucosectomy (ARMs) are gaining traction but there is a paucity of literature comparing these novel options to Toupet fundoplication and gold standard Nissen fundoplication. Methods This is a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database, evaluating patients undergoing Nissen, Toupet, MSA, and ARMs. Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative variables including Reflux symptom index (RSI), Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire (GERD-HRQL), and Dysphagia scores were compared between groups. Results During the study period, 649 patients underwent anti-reflux surgery. Patients who underwent Nissen or Toupet were younger than those undergoing MSA or ARMs (65 +/- 12 and 67 +/- 14 years vs 56 +/- 14 and 56 +/- 18 years, P < 0.01). Average operative time for Nissen was 127 +/- 40 min which was similar to a Toupet at 122 +/- 32 min. These durations were significantly longer than for MSA, averaging 79 +/- 29, and ARMs, at a mean 35 +/- 3 min (all P < 0.001). Length of stay was significantly different among all four groups with Nissen, Toupet, MSA, and ARMs patients staying a median of 31, 24, 7, and 3 h post operatively, respectively (all P < 0.001). Complications and re-admissions were similarly low among all groups. Despite minor differences in RSI and GERD-HRQL scores at isolated follow-up time points, quality of life scores seems to be similar overall at up to 5 years follow-up. Gas bloat and dysphagia did not differ among groups at any time point. Conclusions Novel anti-reflux surgery options provide similar GERD-related quality of life compared to traditional full or partial fundoplications with the added benefit of shorter operative time and faster recovery.