Assessment of readability and quality of patient education materials specific to nocturnal enuresis

Background Bedwetting, or nocturnal enuresis (NE), is a common childhood disease. Families increasingly turn to free online resources for health education in order to navigate treatment options.Objective We aim to determine the readability and quality of online health information that families may encounter when searching for information on pediatric NE.Study design The search term 'bedwetting' was queried in commonly used search engines. Included articles were further categorized as institutional/reference, commercial, non-profit/charitable, or personal. An online readability platform calculated 3 commonly used readability assessments as well as a consensus score. Quality was assessed by two independent pediatric urologists using a validated DISCERN in-strument. Differences in readability were further assessed by article category type.Results 36 websites were reviewed, 3 did not include treatment options and were not included in quality assessment. 55.6% of the articles were categorized as institutional/reference, 27.8% as non-profit/ charitable, 11.1% as personal, and 5.6% as com-mercial. The average, standard deviation, and range of readability level were as follows: overall consensus score = 9.56 +/- 2.09, FK Grade Level Formula score = 9.38 +/- 2.17 (range 5.8-14.1), SMOG Index score = 8.89 +/- 1.79 (range 6.4-12.9), and the GF Index score = 11.86 +/- 2.34 (range 8.4-16.9). The overall consensus score, 9.56, correlates to a 9th-grade reading level. 16 articles were considered to be of 'good' quality, 12 of 'fair' quality, and 5 of 'poor' quality; according to the DISCERN scoring. There was no statistically significant difference in readability scores across website categories. Two articles included the outdated treatment option of intranasal DDAVP.Discussion These findings are concordant with the increasing body of literature demonstrating that patient education materials are too difficult to read. Pediatric urologists should be aware of the readability and quality of available online content for common clinical presentations. They can ensure that insti-tutional articles online are useful to patients by participating in the development and design of these materials. Conclusion We demonstrated that online articles that families encounter via a search engine query for bedwetting are written at a higher level than recommended and the majority are of 'fair' quality. There is much room for improvement for institutions to provide high quality, readable content that supports the needs of families seeking information on NE.