Enabling Time-Synchronized Hybrid Networks With Low-Cost IoT Modules

被引:0
作者
Romanov, Alexey M. [1 ]
Gringoli, Francesco [2 ]
Alkhouri, Kamil [3 ,4 ]
Tripolskiy, Pavel E. [1 ]
Sikora, Axel [5 ]
机构
[1] Russian Technol Univ, Inst Artificial Intelligent, MIREA, Moscow 119454, Russia
[2] Univ Brescia, Natl Interuniv Consortium Telecommun, Dept Informat Engn, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
[3] Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, Inst Reliable Embedded Syst & Commun Elect, D-77652 Offenburg, Germany
[4] KUNBUS GmbH, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany
[5] Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, Inst Reliable Embedded Syst & Commun Elect, D-77652 Offenburg, Germany
关键词
Field-programmable gate array (FPGA); firmware; hybrid networks; Internet of Things (IoT); Jitter; low-cost sensors and devices; real-time systems; sensor and actuator networks; synchronization; WiFi; CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION; DESIGN; TSN; 5G;
D O I
10.1109/JIOT.2023.3235052
中图分类号
TP [自动化技术、计算机技术];
学科分类号
0812 ;
摘要
Precisely synchronized communication is a major precondition for many industrial applications. At the same time, hardware cost and power consumption need to be kept as low as possible in the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. While many wired solutions on the market achieve these requirements, wireless alternatives are an interesting field for research and development. This article presents a novel IEEE802.11n/ac wireless solution, exhibiting several advantages over state-of-the-art competitors. It is based on a market-available wireless System on a Chip with modified low-level communication firmware combined with a low-cost field-programmable gate array. By achieving submicrosecond synchronization accuracy, our solution outperforms the precision of low-cost products by almost four orders of magnitude. Based on inexpensive hardware, the presented wireless module is up to 20 times cheaper than software-defined-radio solutions with comparable timing accuracy. Moreover, it consumes three to five times less power. To back up our claims, we report data that we collected with a high sampling rate (2000 samples per second) during an extended measurement campaign of more than 120 h, which makes our experimental results far more representative than others reported in the literature. Additional support is provided by the size of the testbed we used during the experiments, composed of a hybrid network with nine nodes divided into two independent wireless segments connected by a wired backbone. In conclusion, we believe that our novel Industrial IoT module architecture will have a significant impact on the future technological development of high-precision time-synchronized communication for the cost-sensitive industrial IoT market.
引用
收藏
页码:9966 / 9978
页数:13
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