Review on theranostic and neuroprotective applications of nanotechnology in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a complicated condition affecting the central nervous system having numerous pathological as well as physiological processes. The hallmark of this disease is an immune system attack on the myelin sheath, which protects the nerve cell insulation in the brain and other regions of the central nervous system. In this review, firstly we have discussed the various mechanism governing the pathogenesis of the disease and how various factors including genetic and environmental contributes to the progression of the disease. The major objective of this review is to showcase therapeutic and diagnostic developments made in the field of nano-technology that has made it possible for clinicians to target the brain and central nervous system of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis via the blood-brain barrier. In this regard, we have discussed the application of nanotechnology ranging from therapeutic to diagnostic components. A new concept of neuroprotection with the help of nanotechnology has also been summarized which is also known as "nano neuroprotection.