Organic Cathode with Dual-Type Multielectron Reaction Centers for High-Energy-Density Lithium Primary Batteries

Organic electrode materials are composed of abundantelements,have diverse and designable molecular structures, and are relativelyeasily synthesized, promising a bright future for low-cost and large-scaleenergy storage. However, they are facing low specific capacity andlow energy density. Herein, we report a high-energy-density organicelectrode material, 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone, which is composed oftwo kinds of electrochemically active sites of nitro and carbonylgroups. They experience six- and four-electron reduction and are transformedinto amine and methylene groups, respectively, in the presence offluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in the electrolyte. Drastically increasedspecific capacity and energy density are demonstrated with an ultrahighspecific capacity of 1321 mAh g(-1) and a high voltageof similar to 2.62 V, corresponding to a high energy density of 3400Wh kg(-1). This surpasses the electrode materialsin commercial lithium batteries. Our findings provide an effectivestrategy to design high-energy-density and novel lithium primary batterysystems.