Self-charging power module for multidirectional ultra-low frequency mechanical vibration monitoring and energy harvesting

Timely monitoring of abnormal vibration of machinery in highly harsh environments is essential to ensure the safe operation of mechanical systems. This paper uses a self-charging power module to harvest energy to provide sustainable power for monitoring multidirectional ultra-low frequency mechanical vibrations. The power generation unit consists mainly of a spherical electromagnetic triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator (SETE-HNG). It is equipped with advanced sensing functions to support deep learning to identify signals with different directions of vibration, different frequencies, and different amplitudes of vibration, thereby enhancing the high-precision perception function. The accuracy of the prediction results is as high as 98.6622%, 100%, and 99.3333%, respectively. A Power Management Circuitry (PMC) has been meticulously crafted to maximize the utilization of vibrational energy. It efficiently charges a 40 mAh lithium polymer battery to 3.3 V in just 26 min, all without the requirement of an external power source. This advancement facilitates self-powered Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking of vibrational signals. Moreover, the stored energy is harnessed to energize a microcontroller and a low -power Bluetooth module. This enables real-time monitoring of mechanical vibrations via a mobile phone. The design presented in this paper is a testament to the potential of self -powered multidirectional mechanical vibration monitoring, contributing significantly to the safety and efficiency of mechanical systems.