Efficient and secure content-based image retrieval with deep neural networks in the mobile cloud computing

Smart devices offer a variety of more convenient forms to help us record our lives and generate a large amount of data in this process. Limited by the local storage capacity, many users outsource their im-age data directly to the cloud server. However, images stored in plaintext on the cloud server are very insecure, resulting in image privacy information can be easily leaked. Therefore, users will encrypt the images and outsource them to the cloud server, but the encrypted images cannot be retrieved. Therefore, we proposed a secure and efficient ciphertext image retrieval scheme based on image content retrieval (CBIR) and approximate homomorphic encryption (HE). First, we used approximate homomorphic en-cryption to encrypt images after resizing and uploaded the ciphertext images to the cloud for feature extraction of ciphertext. At the same time, the large images (size, dimension, and resolution) would gen-erate data inflation after using homomorphic encryption. Therefore, the original images are encrypted using the chaotic image encryption scheme to reduce ciphertext size and computation costs. Second, we proposed two deepening network depth optimization strategies that address the problem of insufficient neural network depth. Finally, reducing the dimensionality of the ciphertext feature vector using locally sensitive hashing (LSH) can accelerate the retrieval of ciphertext images. Compared with other literature, our ciphertext image retrieval scheme can significantly reduce the rounds of user-server communication. (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.