Biopsychosocial factors and quality of life in fibromyalgia from the perspective of occupational therapy - a qualitative study

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease characterized by localized myalgias in the locomotor system, leading to functional impairment. Its management involves a combination of pharmaceutical treatments and interventions from various therapeutic modalities, including those of occupational therapy. The symptoms of the disease impact all areas of occupation and manifest in daily activities. Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify the occupations most affected by fibromyalgia, explore the impact of biopsychosocial factors on the occupations of fibromyalgia patients, assess the influence of the quality of support networks and economic status on self-perceived symptoms, and investigate any relationship between negative events in childhood and fibromyalgia. Methods: This qualitative study employs a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through ad hoc interviews with eight participating volunteers. The results were subsequently analyzed using ATLAS.ti((R)) software and transcribed in Microsoft Word((R)). Results: The interviewees reported limitations in the following occupational areas: instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), leisure and free time, social participation, rest and sleep, sexual activity, and work. There was a noted correlation between the quality of support networks and economic status, and the perception of symptoms. The potential relationship between negative childhood events and fibromyalgia was also explored. Conclusions: Biopsychosocial factors play a crucial role in quality of life and may serve as either protective or risk factors for symptom intensity.