Explicitly Resolved Cloud Feedbacks in the Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project

Radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) is particularly well suited for studying tropical deep-convection, a regime of clouds that contributes some of the highest uncertainties to the estimates of total cloud feedback. In order to perform a comprehensive calculation and decomposition of cloud feedbacks in cloud-permitting models, previously primarily done in global climate models, the configuration of a satellite simulator for use with offline data was successfully implemented. The resultant total cloud feedback is slightly positive, primarily driven by the longwave effects of increases in cloud altitude. The high-cloud altitude feedback is robustly positive and has a central value and uncertainty well-matched with prior estimates. Reductions in high cloud amount drive a tropical anvil cloud area feedback that is on average negative, consistent with prior estimates. However, a subset of models with finer horizontal grid spacing indicate that a positive tropical anvil cloud area feedback cannot be ruled out. Even though RCE is only applicable to tropical deep-convective clouds, the RCE total cloud feedback is within the range of prior comprehensive estimates of the global total cloud feedback. This emphasizes that the tropics heavily influence the behavior of global cloud feedbacks and that RCE can be exploited to learn more about how processes related to deep convection control cloud feedbacks.