Optimal sizing and scheduling of battery energy storage system with solar and wind DG under seasonal load variations considering uncertainties

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are integrated with renewable distribution generators (DG) within the distribution network (DN) to mitigate active power loss and improve the bus voltage profile through optimal placement and sizing. This work identifies the optimal location for BESS and DGs placement by deriving a loss sensitivity factor by considering the power flow through the branches and bus losses. With optimal location, a novel approach for selecting an optimal charging/discharging time schedule is proposed. This method aims to determine the optimal size and scheduling of BESS through the minimization of the voltage deviation and real power loss in the DN. Following the installation of BESS, the wind and solar DG optimal sizes are determined at maximum power generating hours. To address the uncertainties present in DN, Hong's (2m+1) point estimation method is utilized to optimize the network operation incorporated with BESS and DGs. Furthermore, a technoeconomic analysis is conducted to examine the energy savings resulting from integrating DGs and BESS in the DN. The power losses are further reduced by implementing network reconfiguration to reduce the energy dependency on the grid. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested on a 33-bus, 69-bus, and 118-bus DN under seasonal load variations. Incorporating the renewable DG with BESS into the DN reduces the grid energy supply by 30%-40%. The results of this study pave the way for more sustainable and efficient power systems by contributing to the development of techniques for integrating renewable energy sources into DNs.