Basics, properties, and thermal issues of EV battery and battery thermal management systems: Comprehensive review

This paper presents a comprehensive review on the battery especially Lithium-ion batteries and the battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles. The basics of the battery system and thermal issues related to the battery have been highlighted. Different battery thermal management systems have been discussed in the review. This paper has presented different thermal management systems for electric vehicle battery in details. Air cooling, phase change, and liquid cooling are studied in the reviewed literature, by showing and discussing the results of the previous studies in these fields. Most promising thermal management system is the liquid cooling, because it has the best cooling potential for the EV batteries which gets the researchers attention to improve it based on wide number of increasing studies and developments in the EV liquid cooling systems. Improving the hydraulic and thermal performance of the liquid cold plate which is part of the EV liquid colling systems has not widely been explored in the fields of developing inlets design, outlets, and fins. The review paper could guide the researchers to innovate better liquid cooling systems and improve their cooling and hydraulic performance in battery thermal management systems.