Resveratrol attenuates high glucose-induced inflammation and improves glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by impaired glucose and insulin metabolism, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia-induced inflammation is linked to the onset and progression of diabetes. Resveratrol (RES), a polyphenol phytoalexin, is studied in diabetes therapeutics research. This study evaluates the effect of RES on inflammation and glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose. Inflammation and glucose metabolism-related genes were investigated using qPCR. Further, inflammatory genes were analyzed by applying ELISA and Bioplex assays. High glucose significantly increases IKK-alpha, IKB-alpha, and NF-kB expression compared to controls. Increased NF-kB expression was followed by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-beta, and COX2. RES treatment significantly reduced the expression of NF-kB, IKK-alpha, and IKB-alpha, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines. High glucose levels reduced the expression of TGF beta 1, while treatment with RES increased the expression of TGF beta 1. As glucose levels increased, PEPCK expression was reduced, and GCK expression was increased in HepG2 cells treated with RES. Further, HepG2 cells cultured with high glucose showed significant increases in KLF7 and HIF1A but decreased SIRT1. Moreover, RES significantly increased SIRT1 expression and reduced KLF7 and HIF1A expression levels. Our results indicated that RES could attenuate high glucose-induced inflammation and enhance glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells.