Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using artichoke flower petals and application in endodontic dentistry

The present study is the first time on that examines that the tooth discoloration activities of waste flower petals of artichoke mediated of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (F-TIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The absorption peak at 450 nm in UV-Vis spectrum approved the AgNPs formation. The formation of spherical shaped nanoparticles was identified by SEM. TEM images showed nanoparticles with a size ranged from 8 to 20 nm. XRD study exhibited the crystalline nature of AgNPs. AgNPs were tested as an irrigation solution for tooth discoloration using a spectrophotometer. AgNPs were compared with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), mixture of doxycycline citric acid and detergent (MTAD), and AFP extract. The AgNPs group showed the largest color change. The color change of the NaOCl solution is the lowest in all time groups. AgNPs can be suggested as an intra-canal irrigant for posterior teeth regarding its tooth discoloration. Further investigations are required to determine different usage field in endodontics.