Electrocatalytic CO2 conversion on metal-organic frameworks derivative electrocatalysts

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived nanomaterials offer several competencies as viable electrocatalysts for converting notorious CO2 to value-added products with realistic electrochemical activity and stability without additional CO2 emission. This study discussed recent advancements in MOF-derivative nanomaterials for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to value-added chemicals/fuels. The corresponding active sites, activities, and selectivity for each MOF-derivative electrocatalysts for CO2RR were discussed. The synthetic techniques of MOF-derivatives with their corresponding regulations of compositions, structures, performance and modification strategies, and mechanistic aspects of CO2-electroreduction were discussed. Confinement engineering of MOF-derived nanomaterials and discussion on controlling the electrocatalytic performances via confinement engi-neering were discussed. Insight into the structure-activity relationships of MOF-derived electrocatalysts for CO2RR was explained. Detailed electrocatalytic performance towards forming different products on MOF-derived isolated (single) metal atoms, MOF-derived heteroatom-doped carbon, MOF-derived transition metal nano -particles, MOF-derived transition metal oxide, and MOF-derived transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts were discussed. Distinct from the earlier reports, this study also discusses the key factors towards optimizing the ef-ficiency of CO2RR electrocatalysts for promising performance. Various industrial prospects of CO2R on MOF-electrocatalysts were unveiled to bridge the research gaps. Despite some remarkable progress, the subject is in its infancy; several obstacles and shortfalls for future study still exist to advance this field into full-fledged commercial applications.