Association between time of exposure to screens and food consumption of children aged 2 to 9 years during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To identify and map families' time of exposure to screens during the COVID-19 pandemic and to associate it with the frequency of children's food consumption. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with parents or guardians of children aged between 2 and 9 years through an online questionnaire. The participants answered questions about socioeconomic data, family's screen habits, and children's food consumption. Results: A total of 517 parents or guardians participated in the research. Children's median age when first exposed to screens was 6 months (interquartile range: 1-12 months). The average number of hours that children and guardians/parents were exposed to electronic devices was 3.9 +/- 2.3 and 9.0 +/- 2.9 respectively. As for food consumption, 60.9% of the guardians/parents and 54.3% of the children had the habit of having meals in front of screens. In addition, the consumption of snacks outside mealtimes, while using screens, was frequent in both groups. Conclusions: Children aged 2 to 9 years are excessively exposed to screens and the consumption of meals or snacks while using the devices is frequent. Considering the current demands of the pandemic, the necessity of using electronic devices is understandable. However, the authors emphasize the importance to educate families regarding limiting the use of screens, especially during meals, and monitoring the content of activities with electronic devices, as this exposure can influence food consumption and affect children's nutritional status and health.