Heat transfer analysis of MHD viscous fluid in a ciliated tube with entropy generation

This investigation aims to explain the study of heat transfer and entropy generation of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) viscous fluid flowing through a ciliated tube. Heat transfer study has massive importance in various biomedical and biological industry problems. The metachronal wave propagation is the leading cause behind this viscous creeping flow. A low Reynolds number is used as the inertial forces are weaker than viscous forces, and also, creeping flow limitations are fulfilled. For the cilia movement, a very large wavelength of a metachronal wave is taken into account. Entropy generation is used to examine the heat transfer through the flow. Numerical solutions are calculated by using MATHEMATICA. Exact mathematical solutions are calculated and analyzed with the help of graphs. Streamlines are also plotted. An axially symmetric flow as well as temperature profile is revealed through the graphical solutions. Both velocity and temperature profiles attain maximum value in the center of this ciliated tube that eventually declines toward the boundaries.