A novel magnetic AgVO3/rGO/CuFe2O4 hybrid catalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution and photocatalytic degradation

A superior semiconductor material with efficient charge separation and easy reuse could be a promising route for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and pollutant degradation. AgVO3 is one of the best visible light active materials which has attracted much attention for several biological and environmental applications. In the aim of enhancing its stability and recyclability a novel AgVO3/rGO/CuFe2O4 heterojunction was prepared by hydrothermal method for hydrogen generation (H2) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) degradation as well. The composite was well characterized by XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, XPS and VSM. The morphological images suggested the rod shaped AgVO3 and irregular shaped CuFe2O4 are unevenly distributed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers. The hydrogen evolution results indicated that the composite showed around 8.937 mmol g- 1h- 1 of H2 generation which was -2.3 times and -9.2 times higher than pure AgVO3 (3.895 mmol g- 1h- 1) and CuFe2O4 (0.96 mmol g- 1h- 1) respectively. The 4-NP degradation efficiency of the prepared composite was observed as 94.7% (k = 0.01841 min-1) which is much higher than the AgVO3 (66.3%) and CuFe2O4 (38.2%) after 4 h of irradiation. The higher efficiency could be attributed to the heterojunction formation and faster charge separation. The radical trapping results indicated that the center dot OH, O2 center dot- and photogenerated h+ are the main species responsible for efficient activity. The AgVO3/rGO/CuFe2O4 heterojunction showed 49.6 emu/g of saturation magnetization and confirms that it could be easily separated with an external magnet, and showed 85.3% of degradation efficiency even after 6 recycles which indicated its higher stability and recyclability. Thus, our study provides new insight into hydrogen generation and phenol degradation using AgVO3 based recyclable composites.