Optimum Shaping Parameters of the Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular First Molars: A Finite Element Analysis Study

Introduction: This study investigated the effect of shaping parameters of 2 different configurations of middle mesial canals (MMCs) on the biomechanical behavior and life span of a mandibular first molar using finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: A mandibular molar with an independent MMC and another with a confluent MMC were scanned via micro -computed tomography, and FEA models were produced. For each tooth, an intact model and 5 experimental models were produced that differed by parameters of how the MMC was shaped: unshaped MMC, 25/.04, 25/.06, 30/.04, and 30/.06. Cyclic loading of 50 N was applied on the occlusal surface in vertical and oblique scenarios, and the number of cycles until failure (NCF) was compared with the intact models. In addition, mathematical analyses evaluated the stress distribution patterns and calculated maximum von Mises and maximum principal stresses. Results: For both the independent and confluent MMC models, shaping the MMC reduced the NCF. The lifelog percentage of models was inversely proportional with radicular shaping parameters during the vertical and oblique loading scenarios. The shaping size of 30/.06 resulted in lower lifelog percentage than the cases with shaping size of 25/.04 in both of the independent and confluent MMC models. For all models, oblique loading reduced NCF more than vertical loading. Conclusion: Shaping the MMC should be kept as conservative as 25/.04. Also, whether the MMC is independent or confluent is a deciding factor in whether to increase the apical diameter or the root canal taper when larger shaping parameters are needed.