Long-term safety and disease control with ruxolitinib cream in atopic dermatitis: Results from two phase 3 studies

Background: Ruxolitinib cream demonstrated safety and efficacy over 8 weeks in 2 double-blind phase 3 atopic dermatitis studies (NCT03745638/NCT03745651).Objective: To evaluate long-term safety (LTS) and disease control with ruxolitinib cream.Methods: Patients initially randomized to twice-daily 0.75%/1.5% ruxolitinib cream maintained their regimen during the 44-week LTS period (as-needed treatment). Patients on vehicle were rerandomized (1:1) at week 8 to either ruxolitinib cream strength. Safety and disease control (Investigator's Global Assessment score 0/1 and affected body surface area) were assessed.Results: Over 52 weeks, adverse events were reported in 67.4%/62.6%/53.5%/57.6% of patients in 0.75%/ 1.5% ruxolitinib cream/vehicle to 0.75% ruxolitinib cream/vehicle to 1.5% ruxolitinib cream groups (n = 426/446/101/99). Most common adverse events were upper respiratory tract infection (10.3%/11.4%/ 5.9%/7.1%) and nasopharyngitis (8.9%/9.9%/7.9%/14.1%). Most adverse events were considered unrelated to treatment. Application site reactions were infrequent (3.8%/1.8%/1.0%/1.0%). Disease control was achieved throughout the LTS; 74.1% to 77.8% of patients had Investigator's Global Assessment 0/1 at week 52, and mean affected body surface area was low (1.4%-1.8%).Limitations: LTS had no control treatment.Conclusion: During 44 weeks of as-needed treatment, ruxolitinib cream demonstrated effective disease control and tolerability; low ruxolitinib plasma concentrations alongside safety findings reflecting known risk factors suggest physiologically meaningful systemic Janus kinase inhibition is highly unlikely. ( J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:1008-16.)