Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives

被引:7
作者
Bhole, Ritesh P. [1 ,2 ]
Chikhale, Rupesh, V [3 ]
Rathi, Karishma M. [4 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Dr DY Patil Inst Pharmaceut Sci & Res, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Pune, India
[2] Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Dr DY Patil Dent Coll & Hosp, Pune 411018, India
[3] UCL Sch Pharm, London, England
[4] Dr DY Patil Inst Pharmaceut Sci & Res, Dept Pharm Practice, Pune, India
[5] Dr DY Patil Inst Pharmaceut Sci & Res, Dr DY Patil Unitech Soc, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
来源
IBRO NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS | 2024年 / 16卷
关键词
Alzheimer's disease; Biomarkers; Treatment; Drug targets; Drug therapy; Future scope; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3-BETA; METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; FREE-RADICAL GENERATION; P70; S6; KINASE; COPPER-CATALYZED OXIDATION; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E ISOFORMS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE;
D O I
10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.003
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive degenerative disorder first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, poses a significant public health challenge. Despite its prevalence and impact, there is currently no definitive ante mortem diagnosis for AD pathogenesis. By 2050, the United States may face a staggering 13.8 million AD patients. This review provides a concise summary of current AD biomarkers, available treatments, and potential future therapeutic approaches. The review begins by outlining existing drug targets and mechanisms in AD, along with a discussion of current treatment options. We explore various approaches targeting Amyloid beta (A beta), Tau Protein aggregation, Tau Kinases, Glycogen Synthase kinase-3 beta, CDK-5 inhibitors, Heat Shock Proteins (HSP), oxidative stress, inflammation, metals, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) modulators, and Notch signaling. Additionally, we examine the historical use of Estradiol (E2) as an AD therapy, as well as the outcomes of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that evaluated antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as alternative treatment options. Notably, positive effects of docosahexaenoic acid nutriment in older adults with cognitive impairment or AD are highlighted. Furthermore, this review offers insights into ongoing clinical trials and potential therapies, shedding light on the dynamic research landscape in AD treatment.
引用
收藏
页码:8 / 42
页数:35
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