Species richness: A pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality

被引:0
作者
Allart, L. [1 ]
Dumont, B. [1 ]
Joly, F. [1 ]
Mosnier, C. [1 ]
Alvarez, G. [2 ]
Galliot, J. -n. [3 ]
Luna, D. [2 ]
Pottier, J. [2 ]
Gross, N. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, St Genes Champanelle, France
[2] Univ Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR,Ecosyst Prairial, Clermont Ferrand, France
[3] INRAE, UE1414 Herbipole, Laqueuille, France
关键词
biodiversity; climate change; ecosystem services; fertilization; global change; mountain grasslands; structural equation modelling; ECOSYSTEM MULTIFUNCTIONALITY; BIODIVERSITY;
D O I
10.1111/1365-2664.14627
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Temperate seminatural grasslands harbour unique biodiversity, support livestock farming through forage production, and deliver many essential ecosystem services (ESs) to human society; they are highly multifunctional. However, temperate grassland ecosystems are also among the most threatened ecosystems on earth due to land use and climate changes. Understanding how biodiversity, climate and land use intensification impact grassland multifunctionality through complex direct and indirect pathways is critical to better anticipate the future of these fragile ecosystems. Here, we evaluate how local plant species richness (SR) modulates the effect of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality (using six key ESs: biomass productivity and stability, forage quality, carbon storage, pollination and local plant rarity) in the French Massif Central, the largest grassland in Western Europe. We sampled 100 grasslands with contrasted fertilization rates and SR, over large elevational and latitudinal gradients related to variation in mean annual temperature (MAT), and drought severity (DS), two key climate change drivers predicted to increase in the future. Using a confirmatory path analysis, we found that SR was the main driver of multifunctionality. We also found significant SR x MAT and SR x fertilization interactions suggesting that warm climate and high fertilization rates alter the biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships. Furthermore, increasing temperature and fertilization indirectly influenced multifunctionality by decreasing SR and consequent multifunctionality in warm lowland and highly fertilized grasslands compared to colder montane grasslands or less fertilized ones. DS only impacted some ES individually (e.g. forage quality). Synthesis and applications: We identified species richness (SR) as a pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on multifunctionality through both direct and indirect pathways. Failing to account for changes in SR could thus bias any prediction of, or aggravate, the effects of land use intensification and climate change on ecosystem services delivery in temperate grassland ecosystems. Considering that SR, mean annual temperature and fertilization are major proxies of three main global change drivers (biodiversity loss, climate change and land use intensification) our study may help to better anticipate the effect of multiple interacting global change drivers on grassland ecosystems. Les prairies semi-naturelles temperees abritent une biodiversite unique, soutiennentl'elevage grace a la production de fourrage et fournissent de nombreux servicesecosystemiques (SE) essentiels aux societes humaines; elles sont hautementmultifonctionnelles. Cependant, les ecosystemes prairiaux temperees sont egalementparmi les plus menaces de la planete a cause des changements d'utilisation desterres et des changements climatiques. Il est essentiel de comprendre comment labiodiversite, le climat et l'intensification de l'utilisation des terres influent sur lamultifonctionnalite des prairies par des voies directes et indirectes complexes pourmieux anticiper l'avenir de ces ecosystemes fragiles. Ici, nous evaluons comment la richesse specifique vegetale locale (RS) module l'effetde l'intensification de l'utilisation des terres et du climat sur la multifonctionnalite desprairies (en utilisant six SE cles: la productivite et la stabilite de la biomasse, laqualite du fourrage, le stock de carbone dans le sol, la pollinisation et la rarete desplantes a echelle locale) dans le Massif Central francais, la plus grande prairied'Europe de l'Ouest. Nous avons echantillonne 100 prairies avec des taux de fertilisation et RS contrastes sur de larges gradients d'altitude et de latitude lies a lavariation de la temperature annuelle moyenne (TAM) et a la severite dessecheresses (SS), deux facteurs cles du changement climatique qui devraientaugmenter a l'avenir. En utilisant une analyse de piste confirmatoire, nous avons constate que la RS etaitle principal moteur de la multifonctionnalite. Nous avons egalement trouve desinteractions significatives entre RS x TAM et RS x fertilisation, ce qui suggere que leclimat chaud et les niveaux de fertilisation eleves modifient les relations entre labiodiversite et la multifonctionnalite de l'ecosysteme. En outre, l'augmentation de latemperature et de la fertilisation a diminue la RS et, par consequent, lamultifonctionnalite dans les prairies chaudes de basse altitude et fortement fertiliseespar rapport aux prairies montagnardes plus froides ou aux prairies moins fertilisees.La SS n'a eu d'impact que sur certains ES individuellement (par exemple, la qualitedu fourrage). Synthese et applications: Nous avons identifie la richesse specifique (RS) commeetant un facteur essentiel de mediation des effets de l'intensification de l'utilisationdes terres et du climat sur la multifonctionnalite par des voies directes et indirectes. Le fait de ne pas tenir compte des changements dans la RS pourrait donc faussertoute prevision des effets de l'intensification de l'utilisation des terres et duchangement climatique sur la fourniture de services ecosystemiques dans lesecosystemes de prairies temperees, voire les aggraver. etant donne que la RS, latemperature annuelle moyenne et la fertilisation sont des indicateurs majeurs de troisprincipaux facteurs de changement global (perte de biodiversite, changementclimatique et intensification de l'utilisation des terres), notre etude peut aider a mieuxanticiper l'effet de multiples facteurs de changement global en interaction sur lesecosystemes prairiaux. We identified species richness (SR) as a pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on multifunctionality through both direct and indirect pathways. Failing to account for changes in SR could thus bias any prediction of, or aggravate, the effects of land use intensification and climate change on ecosystem services delivery in temperate grassland ecosystems. Considering that SR, mean annual temperature and fertilization are major proxies of three main global change drivers (biodiversity loss, climate change and land use intensification) our study may help to better anticipate the effect of multiple interacting global change drivers on grassland ecosystems.image
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页码:1053 / 1066
页数:14
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