Investing in Ex Ante Regulation: Evidence from Pharmaceutical Patent Examination

被引:5
作者
Frakes, Michael D. [1 ]
Wasserman, Melissa F. [2 ]
机构
[1] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA
[2] Univ Texas, Austin, TX USA
关键词
MARKET-SIZE; INNOVATION; CHALLENGES; ENTRY; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPETITION; LITIGATION; LIABILITY; IGNORANCE; ECONOMICS;
D O I
10.1257/pol.20200703
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
We explore how the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office may improve the quality of issued patents on "secondary" drug features by giving examiners more time to review drug patent applications. Our findings suggest that current time allocations are causing examiners to issue low-quality secondary patents on the margin. To assess the merits of expanding ex ante scrutiny of drug patent applications at the agency, we set forth estimates of the various gains and losses associated with giving examiners more time, including reduced downstream litigation costs and added personnel expenses, along with both the static gains and dynamic innovation losses associated with earlier generic entry. (JEL K11, L65, O31, O34, O38)
引用
收藏
页码:151 / 183
页数:33
相关论文
共 81 条
[1]   An Empirical Analysis of Primary and Secondary Pharmaceutical Patents in Chile [J].
Abud, Maria Jose ;
Hall, Bronwyn ;
Helmers, Christian .
PLOS ONE, 2015, 10 (04)
[2]   Market size in innovation: Theory and evidence from the pharmaceutical industry [J].
Acemoglu, D ;
Linn, J .
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 2004, 119 (03) :1049-1090
[3]  
Aitken M. L., 2018, Measuring and Modeling Health Care Costs, V76, P243
[4]   Secondary Patenting Of Branded Pharmaceuticals: A Case Study Of How Patents On Two HIV Drugs Could Be Extended For Decades [J].
Amin, Tahir ;
Kesselheim, Aaron S. .
HEALTH AFFAIRS, 2012, 31 (10) :2286-2294
[5]  
[Anonymous], 2005, FORUM HLTH EC POLICY, DOI DOI 10.2202/1558-9544.1005
[6]   PROMOTIONS AND THE PETER PRINCIPLE [J].
Benson, Alan ;
Li, Danielle ;
Shue, Kelly .
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 2019, 134 (04) :2085-2134
[7]  
Berndt ER., 2012, OXFORD HDB EC BIOPHA, P201
[8]   Decline In Economic Returns From New Drugs Raises Questions About Sustaining Innovations [J].
Berndt, Ernst R. ;
Nass, Deanna ;
Kleinrock, Michael ;
Aitken, Murray .
HEALTH AFFAIRS, 2015, 34 (02) :245-252
[9]  
Berndt Ernst R., 2017, NBER Working Paper No. 23640
[10]  
Besanko David, 2016, 22353 NBER