The impact of enhanced recovery after gynaecological surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs have become the gold standard of care in many surgical specialities. Objectives. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate how an ERAS program can impact outcomes across both benign and oncological gynaecological surgery to inform standard surgical practice. Search strategy. An electronic search of the SCOPUS, Embase and PubMed Medline databases was performed for relevant studies assessing the use of ERAS in patients undergoing gynaecological surgery compared with those without ERAS. Selection criteria. The studies included were all trials using ERAS programs in gynaecological surgery with a clearly outlined protocol which included at least four items from the most recent guidelines and recorded one primary outcome. Data collection and analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on two primary endpoints; post-operative length of stay and readmission rate and one secondary endpoint; rates of ileus. Further subgroup analyses was performed to compare benign and oncological surgeries. Main results. Forty studies (7885 patients) were included in the meta-analysis; 15 randomised controlled trials and 25 cohort studies. 21 studies (4333 patients) were included in meta-analyses of length of stay. Patients in the ERAS group (2351 patients) had a shortened length of stay by 1.22 days (95% CI: -1.59 - -0.86, P < 0.00001) compared to those in the control group (1982 patients). Evaluation of 27 studies (6051 patients) in meta-analysis of readmission rate demonstrated a 20% reduction in readmission rate (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.97). Analysis of our secondary outcome, demonstrated a 47% reduction in rate of ileus compared to the control group. Conclusions. ERAS pathways significantly reduce length of stay without increasing readmission rates or rates of ileus across benign and oncological gynaecological surgery. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.