Challenges to the Implementation of BIM for the Risk Management of Oil and Gas Construction Projects: Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become increasingly popular in the construction industry as a way to enhance risk management. However, little attention has been paid to the challenges of using BIM for safety management in Malaysia's oil and gas construction sector, which is particularly hazardous and requires effective safety management to complete projects successfully. This study aims to identify the obstacles to using BIM for safety management in Malaysia's oil and gas construction sector and to understand the root causes of resistance to its adoption. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted on survey data collected from industry professionals. The study found that knowledge obstacles, creative hurdles, technical barriers, supervisory barriers, and functional barriers are the most significant challenges hindering the widespread adoption of BIM for safety management. These challenges were confirmed to significantly affect BIM adoption for safety management. The study's findings have important implications for policymakers, industry practitioners, and academics seeking to improve safety management in Malaysia's oil and gas construction sector through the use of BIM. Future research could explore additional variables that may impact BIM adoption for safety management in this sector.