Magnetoelectric coupling optimization in lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposites for magneto-mechano-electric generator

Magneto-mechano-electric (MME) generators efficiently harness ubiquitous stray magnetic fields and convert them into electricity, capturing significant attention for powering innumerable wireless sensors. In this study, lead-free 0-3 particulate magnetoelectric (ME) nano-composite ceramics, specifically x(Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3)- (1-x)Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 [x(BCT-BZT)-(1-x)NZFO], were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Subsequently, a flexible MME generator was designed, incorporating the optimized ME composite. Structural parameter calcu-lations indicated higher tetragonal distortion of 0.4% in 0.4(BCT-BZT)-0.6NZFO, possibly due to uniform par-ticulate distribution. The ME composites displayed uniform dual-phase microstructures, with 0.4(BCT-BZT)-0.6NZFO showing a higher NZFO concentration. The maximum values of the magnetodielectric (MD) and ME coupling coefficients have been determined to be-3.6% and 2.55 mV cm-1 Oe-1, respectively, for an x = 0.4 composite. The MME generator is designed using an optimized 0.4(BCT-BZT)-0.6NZFO ME composite with film thickness of 34 mu m. This MME generator harvests a sinusoidal wave with a maximum output peak-to-peak voltage of 4.1 V when exposed to a weak AC magnetic field of 10 Oe at a frequency of 50 Hz. Additionally, the device demonstrates an exceptional optimal DC power density of 3.89 mu W cm-3. The lead-free 0-3 particulate ME composite enables effective magnetic energy harnessing. As a result, it holds great promise as an efficient autonomous power supply for various Internet of Things based applications.