Purpose:To review and summarize a comprehensive synopsis of surgery of the eyelid in thyroid eye disease (TED).Methods:A PubMed search for specific eyelid manifestations of TED was performed. Studies reporting surgical management of these were reviewed, along with the author's own experience.Results:The most common eyelid manifestations of TED include eyelid retraction, blepharoptosis, entropion, and epiblepharon, with most of them requiring surgical intervention. The correction of eyelid retraction has received maximum attention, with several surgical techniques that have stood the test of time. Blepharoptosis in TED that requires surgical intervention is usually aponeurotic. Entropion and Epiblepharon are rare in TED, and may resolve spontaneously, or following orbital decompression.Conclusions:Retraction is the commonest eyelid manifestation of TED, with multiple surgical options available for its correction. Blepharoptosis, entropion, and epiblepharon are rare eyelid findings in TED, that may occasionally require surgical correction. A comprehensive review of surgical management of eyelid disorders in thyroid eye disease is presented.
机构:
Royal Victoria Infirm, Dept Endocrinol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, EnglandRoyal Victoria Infirm, Dept Endocrinol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England
Perros, Petros
Neoh, Christopher
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Royal Victoria Infirm, Dept Ophthalmol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, EnglandRoyal Victoria Infirm, Dept Endocrinol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England
Neoh, Christopher
Dickinson, Jane
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Royal Victoria Infirm, Dept Ophthalmol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, EnglandRoyal Victoria Infirm, Dept Endocrinol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England
机构:Boston Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA
Sohrab, Mahsa
Distefano, Alberto G.
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New York Eye & Ear Infirm, Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Ophthalmol, New York, NY 10003 USABoston Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA