Amyloid-β accumulation in relation to functional connectivity in aging: A longitudinal study

The brain undergoes many changes at pathological and functional levels in healthy aging. This study employed a longitudinal and multimodal imaging dataset from the OASIS-3 study (n = 300) and explored possible relationships between amyloid beta (A beta) accumulation and functional brain organization over time in healthy aging. We used positron emission tomography (PET) with Pittsburgh compound-B (PIB) to quantify the A beta accumulation in the brain and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to measure functional connectivity (FC) among brain regions. Each participant had at least 2 to 3 follow-up visits. A linear mixed-effect model was used to examine longitudinal changes of A beta accumulation and FC throughout the whole brain. We found that the limbic and frontoparietal networks had a greater annual A beta accumulation and a slower decline in FC in aging. Additionally, the amount of the A beta deposition in the amygdala network at baseline slowed down the decline in its FC in aging. Furthermore, the functional connectivity of the limbic, default mode network (DMN), and frontoparietal networks accelerated the A beta propagation across their functionally highly connected regions. The functional connectivity of the somatomotor and visual networks accelerated the A beta propagation across the brain regions in the limbic, frontoparietal, and DMN networks. These findings suggested that the slower decline in the functional connectivity of the functional hubs may compensate for their greater A beta accumulation in aging. The A beta propagation from one brain region to the other may depend on their functional connectivity strength.