Human capital;
Energy consumption;
Non-linearity;
ECONOMIC-GROWTH;
NONLINEAR STAR;
CO2;
EMISSIONS;
TIME-SERIES;
EDUCATION;
ROOT;
TRANSITION;
TESTS;
EUROPE;
INCOME;
D O I:
10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106465
中图分类号:
F [经济];
学科分类号:
02 ;
摘要:
We examine the relationship between human capital and energy consumption in the United Kingdom employing time series data dating back to the beginning of the sixteenth century. We first employ traditional parametric methods to examine the long-run effects. We find a negative relationship between total human capital and energy consumption in the long run, with an additional year of schooling reducing energy consumption in the range 4-9%, depending on the identification method. Given that such a long time series contains non-linearities and structural shifts in the data, we investigate the non-linear properties and find a long-run relationship between human capital and energy consumption. We also relax the functional form assumptions and utilise local linear non-parametric regression. The results show a time-varying non-parametric link between human capital and energy consumption, although, consistent with the linear long-run estimates, the relationship is negative.
机构:
Rajagiri Business Sch, Kochi, Kerala, IndiaRajagiri Business Sch, Kochi, Kerala, India
Tiwari, Aviral Kumar
Kocoglu, Mustafa
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机构:
Erciyes Univ, Fac Commun, Dept Publ Relat & Public, Kayseri, TurkeyRajagiri Business Sch, Kochi, Kerala, India
Kocoglu, Mustafa
Banday, Umer Jeelanie
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机构:
Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, New Delhi, IndiaRajagiri Business Sch, Kochi, Kerala, India
Banday, Umer Jeelanie
Awan, Ashar
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机构:
Nisantasi Univ, Grad Sch, Nisantasi, Turkey
Univ Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Kashmir Inst Econ, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu & Ka, PakistanRajagiri Business Sch, Kochi, Kerala, India
机构:
Univ Aveiro, Dept Econ Management Ind Engn & Tourism DEGEIT, GOVCOPP, P-3810193 Aveiro, PortugalUniv Aveiro, Dept Econ Management Ind Engn & Tourism DEGEIT, GOVCOPP, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal
Koengkan, Matheus
Fuinhas, Jose Alberto
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机构:
Univ Coimbra, Fac Econ, CeBER, P-3004512 Coimbra, PortugalUniv Aveiro, Dept Econ Management Ind Engn & Tourism DEGEIT, GOVCOPP, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal
Fuinhas, Jose Alberto
Belucio, Matheus
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机构:
Univ Evora, Econ Francesco EoF Acad, CEFAGE, P-7000809 Evora, PortugalUniv Aveiro, Dept Econ Management Ind Engn & Tourism DEGEIT, GOVCOPP, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal
Belucio, Matheus
Alavijeh, Nooshin Karimi
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机构:
Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad, Fac Econ & Adm Sci, Dept Econ, Mashhad 1357, Razavi Khorasan, IranUniv Aveiro, Dept Econ Management Ind Engn & Tourism DEGEIT, GOVCOPP, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal
Alavijeh, Nooshin Karimi
Salehnia, Nasrin
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机构:
Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South KoreaUniv Aveiro, Dept Econ Management Ind Engn & Tourism DEGEIT, GOVCOPP, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal
Salehnia, Nasrin
Machado, Daniel
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机构:
Univ Coimbra, Fac Econ, P-3004512 Coimbra, PortugalUniv Aveiro, Dept Econ Management Ind Engn & Tourism DEGEIT, GOVCOPP, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal
Machado, Daniel
Silva, Vinicius
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机构:
Univ Sao Paulo, GEPEA, EPUSP, BR-05508010 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Aveiro, Dept Econ Management Ind Engn & Tourism DEGEIT, GOVCOPP, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal
Silva, Vinicius
Dehdar, Fatemeh
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机构:
Univ Coimbra, Fac Econ, P-3004512 Coimbra, Portugal
Univ Malaya, Fac Econ & Adm FEP, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaUniv Aveiro, Dept Econ Management Ind Engn & Tourism DEGEIT, GOVCOPP, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal