Facile green synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles modified with chitosan using fruit of Carum carvi L. for doxorubicin delivery: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

The synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FeNPs) by fruit extracts has good bio-compatibility and super-paramagnetic properties. A sustainable green chemistry method was applied to fabricate magnetic nanoparticles using the fruit extract of Carum carvi L. Synthesized FeNPs were modified by chitosan (CS). Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX)-loaded FeNPs-modified CS were prepared as a pH responsive system for targeted delivery of DOX. The formation of the adsorbent was confirmed by different techniques such as scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Isothermal sorption confirmed to Langmuir model, and sorption kinetic was fitting to the pseudo-second-order model. According to the thermodynamic results, the sorption of DOX onto the FeNPs@CS was endothermic and spontaneous. The results shown that about 40% of the DOX was released at pH = 1.2 over 30min, and then the rest of the DOX was released at pH = 7.4 with a gentle gradient for 30h (98%).