Agricultural pesticide land budget and river discharge to oceans

被引:86
作者
Maggi, Federico [1 ,2 ]
Tang, Fiona H. M. [1 ,3 ]
Tubiello, Francesco N. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sydney, Sch Civil Engn Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia
[2] Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Agr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
[3] Univ New England, Sch Environm & Rural Sci, Armidale, NSW, Australia
[4] Stat Div Food & Agr Org United Nations, Rome, Italy
关键词
SURFACE WATERS; TRANSPORT; HERBICIDES; FIELD; FATE; RETENTION; SOILS; MODEL; FLUX;
D O I
10.1038/s41586-023-06296-x
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Pesticides are ubiquitous environmental pollutants negatively affecting ecosystem and human health1,2. About 3 Tg of pesticides are used annually in agriculture to protect crops3. How much of these pesticides remain on land and reach the aquifer or the ocean is uncertain. Monitoring their environmental fate is challenging, and a detailed picture of their mobility in time and space is largely missing4. Here, we develop a process-based model accounting for the hydrology and biogeochemistry of the 92 most used agricultural pesticide active substances to assess their pathways through the principal catchments of the world and draw a near-present picture of the global land and river budgets, including discharge to oceans. Of the 0.94 Tg net annual pesticide input in 2015 used in this study, 82% is biologically degraded, 10% remains as residue in soil and 7.2% leaches below the root zone. Rivers receive 0.73 Gg of pesticides from their drainage at a rate of 10 to more than 100 kg yr-1 km-1. By contrast to their fate in soil, only 1.1% of pesticides entering rivers are degraded along streams, exceeding safety levels (concentrations >1 mu g l(-1)) in more than 13,000 km of river length, with 0.71 Gg of pesticide active ingredients released to oceans every year. Herbicides represent the prevalent pesticide residue on both land (72%) and river outlets (62%).
引用
收藏
页码:1013 / +
页数:18
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