Drowning is the third leading cause of injury death in the pediatric population worldwide, with incidence peaking among those aged 1-4 years and again in adolescence.The purpose of this commentary is to review the basic pathophysiology of drowninginjury and factors that affect the outcome, such as submersion and hypothermia. We also discuss principles of prehospital and in-hospital management, comprising resuscitation and stabilization, administration of oxygen and intravenous liquids, and central reheating.Even though the mortality rate has decreased in recent years, further investments and safety measures are needed to prevent child drowning deaths.
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Ningbo Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Zhu, Yinchao
Xu, Guozhang
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Ningbo Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Xu, Guozhang
Li, Hui
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Ningbo Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Li, Hui
Huang, Yaqin
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Jiangbei Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth Surveillance, Ningbo, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Huang, Yaqin
Ding, Ke
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Yinzhou Dist Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
Ding, Ke
Chen, Jieping
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Ningbo Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaNingbo Municipal Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
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Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, Wales
Inst Med Educ, Cardiff, Wales
Univ Oxford, St Annes Coll, Oxford, EnglandCardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, Wales
Harris, Benjamin H. L.
Walsh, Jason L.
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Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, Wales
Inst Med Educ, Cardiff, Wales
St George Hosp, Dept Cardiol, London, EnglandCardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, Wales
Walsh, Jason L.
Manfield, Timothy
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Emergency Med Retrieval & Transfer Serv, Llanelli, WalesCardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, Wales