From enemies to allies: 3D printing, IP and sustainability

3D printing (3DP) is a mature and general purpose technology that is applicable in various fields and possesses diverse advantages in terms of the production of spare parts and objects, as well as sustainability and the circular economy. The use of this technology has attracted the interest of many authors, especially in the field of intellectual property (IP). Most of the existing literature on 3DP and IP tends to see 3DP as an enemy with great potential for infringement. This perspective may be overshadowing the possibilities of 3DP and its benefits for sustainability. This article reviews the existing literature on 3DP and IP. It also offers patent data and real examples showing the connection between 3DP and sustainability. The article points out that it is necessary to research how IP can enhance the use of this technology for sustainable purposes.