Diagnosis and Treatment in Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis: Past, Present, and Future

被引:3
作者
Espada-Sanchez, Marta [1 ]
Saenz de Santa Maria, Rocio [1 ,2 ]
Martin-Astorga, Maria del Carmen [1 ,3 ]
Lebron-Martin, Clara [1 ]
Delgado, Maria Jesus [1 ]
Eguiluz-Gracia, Ibon [1 ,2 ]
Rondon, Carmen [1 ,2 ]
Mayorga, Cristobalina [1 ,2 ]
Torres, Maria Jose [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Aranda, Carlos Jose [1 ]
Canas, Jose Antonio [1 ]
机构
[1] Inst Invest Biomed Malaga Plataforma BIONAND IBIMA, Allergy Res Grp, Malaga 29009, Spain
[2] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Allergy Unit, Malaga 29009, Spain
[3] Univ Malaga UMA, Med Dept, Malaga 29010, Spain
来源
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | 2023年 / 13卷 / 03期
关键词
asthma; allergic rhinitis; eosinophils; diagnosis; treatment; biologicals; microRNAs; CHRONIC RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; ALTERED MICRORNA EXPRESSION; NASAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INNATE LYMPHOID-CELLS; LAVAGE FLUID EXOSOMES; DOUBLE-BLIND; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; INTRALYMPHATIC IMMUNOTHERAPY; EOSINOPHILIC INFLAMMATION;
D O I
10.3390/app13031273
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Respiratory diseases are pathological conditions that affect airways, hampering breathing and causing high mortality. In particular, asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are two of the most common airway diseases that affect millions of people and have a high prevalence in childhood and adulthood. Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease characterized by wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and cough. AR occurs with rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and sneezing. Indeed, these pathologies share common physiopathological mechanisms such as airway hyperresponsiveness and similar immunopathology such as tissue eosinophilia and T-helper type 2 inflammation. Moreover, AR can be an important risk factor for suffering asthma. Thus, early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial to improving the health and quality of life of these patients. Classical drugs such as corticosteroids have been used; however, in the last decades, efforts to improve treatments have increased, focusing on biological agents and specific allergen immunotherapy development. Moreover, more precise diagnostic tools have been elaborated, besides classical methods (medical history, physical examination, and pulmonary function tests), such as basophil activation test, and specific cellular and molecular biomarkers (microRNAs, sputum/blood eosinophils, IgE serum, and periostin levels). Therefore, in this review, we compile all these important issues for managing asthma and AR.
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页数:26
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