The existing research in speech recognition theory, VLSI and computer basically meet the requirements of real-time signal processing, and has been widely used in management, communication and consumer goods industries. Speech signal, speech recognition has been more and more widely used. The terminal designed in this paper is a pure optical fiber speech sensor with pure optical structure, which can be used for speech signal acquisition and recovery and speech source location. In this paper, the principle of the system is considered, and the design and experimental verification of the system are completed. Based on the research foundation of hybrid optical fiber phi-OTDR sensor, the localization technology of speech sensor based on optical fiber vibration sensor is studied.The so-called voice control technology is essentially a technology that uses voice application technology to control or operate a mobile phone. The mobile phone displays a certain value and then performs a corresponding function. This article briefly introduces TI's DSP technology, and proposes a corresponding speech recognition system based on the established theory. The voice signal is converted by the analog-to-digital method, and the converted digital signal is sent to the DSP for processing and recognition, and the recognition result is output to the partial reconfiguration scheme implemented by the CPLD. The final focus is on the design of the signal processing module, the voice acquisition module, and the memory expansion. Module, CPLD control module, power supply module, etc.