Path Planning for Energy Management of Smart Maritime Electric Vehicles: A Blockchain-Based Solution

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is used in the modern eco-friendly environment for demand response management. It helps in reducing the carbon footprints in the environment. However, security and privacy of the information exchange between different entities are significant concerns keeping in view of the information exchange via an open channel, i.e., Internet among different entities such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), charging stations (CSs), and controllers in V2G environment. With an exponential rise in Electric vehicles (EVs) usage across the globe, there is a requirement of developing a seamless charging infrastructure for charging and billing. Moreover, secure information flow needs to be maintained at different levels in such an environment. Hence, this paper proposes a blockchain-based demand response management for efficient energy trading between EVs and CSs. In this proposal, miner nodes and block verifiers are selected using their power consumption and processing power. These nodes are responsible for the authentication of various transactions in the proposal. We also proposed a game theory-based solution to support energy management and peak load control off-peak and peak conditions. The proposed scheme has been evaluated using various performance evaluation metrics where its performance is found superior in comparison to the existing solutions in the literature.