Determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid residues in Finnish soils by ultra -high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] (GLY) adsorbs strongly in Finnish soils. A new method for GLY and its main degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues in clay soils (Protovertic Luvisol) was developed and validated. A new method was necessary because the previous one required laborious cleaning pre-treatments, and its recovery was quite poor ( < 40%- 70%). In the new method, the earlier method's extraction solvent, 0.1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH), was replaced by more effective 0.6 M KOH. The old post-column high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence (HPLC-FLD) method was replaced by the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. Compounds were identified as their fluorenyl methyl chloroformate (FMOC) derivatives by a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technique and quantified by an internal standard method utilising multipoint matrix-matched calibration. Glufosinate-ammonium (GLUF) was used to monitor the effectiveness of extraction with good recovery (80-119%). All calibration curves were found to be linear (R2 >= 0.98) in the studied calibration range (0.01-3.31 mg kg(- 1) in fresh soil). The repeatability and reproducibility were 25% and 28% for GLY, and 20% and 24% for AMPA in real research soil samples. The method was effective throughout the calibration range in all the studied Finnish agricultural soils.center dot An improved method was created to analyse glyphosate (GLY) and AMPA in Finnish clay soil.center dot The challenge caused by strong GLY adsorption on soil was solved by using multipoint matrix-matched calibration curve samples which were prepared identically with the research samples. center dot The method performed well in all tested clay, loam and sandy loam soils.