Contribution of brown carbon to light absorption in emissions of European residential biomass combustion appliances

Residential biomass combustion significantly contributes to light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere, impacting the earth's radiative balance at regional and global levels. This study investigates the contribution of brown carbon (BrC) to the total particulate light absorption in the wavelength range of 370-950 nm (BrC 370 - 950 ) and the particulate absorption angstrom ngstrom exponents (AAE 470 / 950 ) in 15 different European residential combustion appliances using a variety of wood-based fuels. BrC 370 - 950 was estimated to be from 1 % to 21 % for wood log stoves and 10 % for a fully automatized residential pellet boiler. Correlations between the ratio of organic to elemental carbon (OC / EC) and BrC 370 - 950 indicated that a one-unit increase in OC / EC corresponded to approximately a 14 % increase in BrC 370 - 950 . Additionally, BrC 370 - 950 was clearly influenced by the fuel moisture content and the combustion efficiency, while the effect of the combustion appliance type was less prominent. AAE 470 / 950 of wood log combustion aerosols ranged from 1.06 to 1.61. By examining the correlation between AAE 470 / 950 and OC / EC, an AAE 470 / 950 close to unity was found for pure black carbon (BC) particles originating from residential wood combustion. This supports the common assumption used to differentiate light absorption caused by BC and BrC. Moreover, diesel aerosols exhibited an AAE 470 / 950 of 1.02, with BrC contributing only 0.66 % to the total absorption, aligning with the assumption employed in source apportionment. These findings provide important data to assess the BrC from residential wood combustion with different emission characteristics and confirm that BrC can be a major contributor to particulate UV and near-UV light absorption for northern European wood stove emissions with relatively high OC / EC ratios.