Target localization using information fusion in WSNs-based Marine search and rescue

Marine search and rescue (MSR) is considered the last line of defense for human life at sea. Recently, a prospective MSR strategy based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been developed, and distress-stricken individuals can be located utilizing various localization methods. Nevertheless, the accuracy cannot satisfy the requirement of related departments, especially when employing a single measurement localization technique, such as received signal strength (RSS)-based technology, in a dynamic and complicated ocean environment. To this end, a scheme inspired by information fusion is developed, which incorporates RSS and time of arrival (TOA) information. The maximum likelihood (ML)-based localization problem is then converted into a hybrid measure-ment alternative nonnegative constrained least squares (HM-ANCLS) framework. Moreover, the paper develops a two-step linearization localization approach (TLLA) to determine the target loca-tion. The first step proposes a slight computation method (SCM) that relies on an active set approach to address the framework. In the second step, the paper presents an error correction approach based on the first-order Taylor series expansion to refine the solution. In addition, the paper conducts the Crame acute accent r-Rao low bound (CRLB) and the computational complexity of the hybrid scheme. Simulations reveal that TLLA outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches in var-ious situations. (c) 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).