Real-Time and Pseudo-Dynamic Hybrid Simulation Methods: A Tutorial

This tutorial offers an introductory overview of hybrid simulation (HS) and its basic variants, i.e., real-time (RT) and pseudo-dynamic (PsD) HS. Starting from a conceptual representation of the HS loop and the establishment of a toy example, a few application examples are provided and the distinct differences between RTHS and PsDHS are noted. Accordingly, the fundamental attributes of the numerical substructure and the control plant (i.e., the transfer system and the experimental substructure) are explained, and two fundamental challenges of the HS loop, namely the compensation of the transfer system's dynamics and delay, are described. An adaptive, data-driven method for handling these challenges is then briefly presented.