Effect of Soaking and Proteolytic Microorganisms Growth on the Protein and Amino Acid Content of Jack Bean Tempeh (Canavalia ensiformis)

被引:6
作者
Yarlina, Vira Putri [1 ]
Djali, Mohammad [1 ]
Andoyo, Robi [1 ]
Lani, Mohd Nizam [2 ]
Rifqi, Muhammad [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Padjadjaran, Fac Agroind Technol, Dept Food Ind Technol, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
[2] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, Fac Fisheries & Food Sci, Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia
[3] Univ Djuanda Bogor, Fac Engn & Halal Food Sci, Dept Food Technol & Nutr, Bogor 16720, Indonesia
关键词
Jack bean tempeh; protein; proteolytic bacteria; soaking process; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES; GERMINATION; ISOFLAVONES; COMMUNITY; RHIZOPUS;
D O I
10.3390/pr11041161
中图分类号
TQ [化学工业];
学科分类号
0817 ;
摘要
Soaking is an important step in making tempeh. Tempeh fermentation normally involves the natural presence of proteolytic bacteria capable of producing protease enzymes to break down peptide bonds in protein molecules. This study evaluated the protein and amino acid content of Jack bean tempeh (Canavalia ensiformis) soaked in distilled water during natural fermentation for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. In this study, the crude proteins were determined using the Kjeldahl technique, amino acids were determined from protein hydrolysis, and proteolytic bacteria were enumerated for Total Plate Counts and further identified using Vitek 2.0 Compact System. The results showed that soaked Jack beans have higher protein and amino acid content, with sixteen essential and non-essential amino acids required for human bodies. The protein content of soaked Jack beans varied from 35% at 12 h to 32% at 24 and 36 h and 33% at 48 h. Soaking for 12 h yielded the highest amino acid concentration of 38,000 mg/kg L-glutamate, and the lowest of 14,000 mg/kg L-proline. Seven isolated bacteria showed proteolytic activity on Skim Milk Agar with a clear zone of 3.00 mm to 10.65 mm surrounding the colony. The bacteria identified were Pediococcus pentosaceus, Stenorophomonas maltophilia, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Klebsiella pneumonia ssp. In summary, Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were the predominant bacteria during tempeh fermentation, indicating the synergistic interaction between these microflorae during soaking conditions as part of their survival in this hostile environment.
引用
收藏
页数:14
相关论文
共 68 条
[1]  
Affandi Dian Rachmawanti, 2020, AIP Conference Proceedings, V2219, DOI 10.1063/5.0004674
[2]   Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Associated with Waterpipe Contaminants in Selected Area of Saudi Arabia [J].
Alaidarous, Mohammed ;
Alanazi, Meshal ;
Abdel-Hadi, Ahmed .
BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, 2017, 2017
[3]  
Alnahdi H.S., 2012, J APPL PHARM SCI, V2, P071, DOI 10.7324/JAPS.2012.2915
[4]  
AOAC International, 2006, OFFICIAL METHODS ANA, P3172
[5]   Tempe, a nutritious and healthy food from Indonesia [J].
Astuti, M ;
Meliala, A ;
Dalais, FS ;
Wahlqvist, ML .
ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, 2000, 9 (04) :322-325
[6]   Enterococci: Between Emerging Pathogens and Potential Probiotics [J].
Ben Braiek, Olfa ;
Smaoui, Slim .
BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, 2019, 2019
[7]  
Biomerieux SA, 2016, VIT 2 PROD INF
[8]   The Effect of Processing on Digestion of Legume Proteins [J].
Drulyte, Donata ;
Orlien, Vibeke .
FOODS, 2019, 8 (06)
[9]  
Efriwati Efriwati, 2013, Hayati Journal of Biosciences, V20, P57, DOI 10.4308/hjb.20.2.57
[10]  
El-Safy F., 2013, Alexandria Sci. Exch. J, V34, P499, DOI [10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2013.3112, DOI 10.21608/ASEJAIQJSAE.2013.3112]