Sustainable aspects behind the application of nanotechnology in CO2 sequestration

CO2 sequestration permanently immobilizes millions of tons of CO2 in subsurface formations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and global warming risks. Compared with other technologies, Carbon capture and storage becomes one of the best alternative methods to reduce the atmospheric concentration of CO2 gas. This study presents a up-to-date overview of the latest nanoparticle-injected CO2 capturing and storing technologies deep in geological formations. This review article begins with a quick summary of statistical data based on researchers' publishing, top nations in research and publication, and global CO2 storage researcher numbers. In addition, several different possible nanomaterials for CO2 capture were also covered. This article's second section discusses CO2 storage strategies and mechanisms. It tackles CO2 sequestration in geological media, depleted oil and gas fields, saline formations, and coal seams through improved coal bed methane recovery. Then, a review on different carbon mitigation processes that occur after injection of the CO2, includes structural, residual, mineral and dissolution trapping. Followed by a review on the Application of nanoparticles in CO2 storage, based on CO2 diffusivity, wettability and interfacial tension modification. Lastly, Environmental concern of nano-CO2 sequestration were discussed. Findings suggest that many factors are responsible for the success of the CO2 sequestration, such as cap rock integrity, CO2 molecular diffusivity, aquifer depth, pore size, permeability, salinity, pH, temperature, pressure, ion compositions, wettability, and interfacial tension (IFT). Alleviation of the impacts of climate change due to CO2 emissions is not possible without CO2 capturing, which can be enhanced by incorporating NPs. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent a type of nano-membrane material that is utilized for boosting the adsorption capacity of CO2. Moreover, in the field of CO2 sequestration, NPs of SiO2 and TiO2 have proven to be more successful in altering wettability and reducing IFT. As a result, this has led to improvements in trapping mechanisms, contaminant security, and storage capacity.