Green formation of Ag NPs in ultrasonic condition and treatment of lupus nephritis by following the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in mice

This study demonstrated the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Allium jesdianum leaves extract under mild procedure as a reducer-stabilizer agent in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation. Various techniques like UV-Vis, FE-SEM, EDS-elemental mapping, FT-IR, TEM, XRD and ICP-OES were applied to characterize the obtained nanoparticles. The TEM results shown that the produced Ag NPs were well-dispersed as spherical shaped with average sizes ranging from 20 to 30 nm. UV-Vis data for Ag NPs were appearing in 465 nm. Novelty of the surface engineered nanocomposite was demonstrated by assaying its catalytic performance in the reduction of 4nitrophenol (4 -NP) as a toxic water pollutant organic dye by NaBH4 under mild condition. The prepared catalyst was successfully reused up to 8 times in the reactions without significant loss in activity. In animal experiment, a lupus nephritis mouse model was established by pristane to confirm the Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite interventional efficacy by regulating the signaling pathway of TGF-beta 1. The histopathological slides were taken from the kidney for investigating the sign of lupus nephritis. The concentrations of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IL-6 were analyzed in kidney and serum by ELISA kits. The VEGF, TGF-beta 1, and Mn-SOD mRNA expression was assessed in the kidney to prove the treatment of lupus nephritis by Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite by following the TGF-beta 1 signaling pathway in mice. Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite reduced the urinary protein, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-12 and IL-6 elevation in kidney and serum. In addition, Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite decreased the ALB, TP, TG, BUN, TC, and SCr in mice with nephritis. Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite prevented the dsDNA antibodies positive rate. Ag NPs/A. jesdianum nanocomposite downregulated the VEGF and TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression in the lupus nephritis mice kidneys.