Characterization of groundwater potability and irrigation potential in Uttar Pradesh, India using water quality index and multivariate statistics

被引:1
作者
Chaudhary, Supriya [1 ]
Singh, Gurudatta [1 ]
Gupta, Deepak [1 ]
Maunas, Suruchi Singh [1 ]
Mishra, Virendra Kumar [1 ]
机构
[1] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev, Varanasi 221005, India
关键词
groundwater quality; multivariate statistics; suitability of drinking and irrigation; water quality index; FLUORIDE CONTAMINATION; ANDHRA-PRADESH; DISTRICT; WQI; PARTS; PLAIN; CITY; SONBHADRA; KARNATAKA; SYSTEM;
D O I
10.2166/hydro.2024.291
中图分类号
TP39 [计算机的应用];
学科分类号
081203 ; 0835 ;
摘要
This study includes groundwater quality data from 290 monitoring sites from 69 districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The analysis of the data showed that 1.3, 75.52, 47.93, and 31.03% of groundwater samples had concentrations of electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), Mg2+, and HCO3-, respectively, higher than the maximum permissible limit. Groundwater quality index (GWQI) was calculated for these 290 monitoring sites which revealed that 21 sites (7.24%) had inappropriate GWQI for drinking water, and 18 sites (7.24%) had an unsuitable index for irrigation. Most of the sampling sites (98.97%) showed high EC contents in groundwater with a mean value of 999.33 mu S/cm. Fluoride content was found within the permissible limits in 95.52% of the samples, while 4.48% had high concentrations. The use of hierarchical cluster analysis differentiated all the sites into two clusters: one with high pollution and the other with low pollution. Significant correlations exist between physicochemical and irrigation indicators in the correlation matrix. High loadings of EC, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, and SO42- were identified in the first principal component, which are thought to be pollution-controlled processes from anthropogenic sources. According to the Chadha diagram, CaHCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCl were the two most prevalent chemicals in the water.
引用
收藏
页码:1100 / 1121
页数:22
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